One impression was that I couldn't imagine how such complex determinations as LCA can be done by anything other than sophisticated software, which Trayak provides. Called COMPASS (Comparative Packaging Assessment), it was developed by the Sustainable Packaging Coalition (SPC) in 2006. The software is ISO 14040 compliant and periodically updated; I learned that the last update was made in mid-2018.

COMPASS inputs made by users yield a robust amount of data that can be tapped for big-picture takeaways of carbon footprint or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or water use and five other indicators. It provides a cradle-to-grave perspective to support appropriate and accurate sustainable packaging decision making.

As shown above, while the available outputs are daunting, anyone can appreciate the  environmental equivalent benefit of 83 less cars driving around for a year.